So we're at the point that finding hardcoded admin passwords is no big deal.
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The thing I've most been convinced of in the past 5 years of building as much 'iot/smart home' stuff out as possible in my house is that nearly every vendor is selling crap that has marginal usefulness outside of a 'party trick' in isolation. Building out a whole smart home setup is frustrating unless it's all from one vendor, but there isn't one vendor which does all of it well for every need.
On my phone I have apps for: Ecobee, Lutron, Hue, 4 separate camera vendors[1], Meross, and Smart Life. Probably a couple more that I'm forgetting.
Only Lutron and Hue are reasonable in that they allow pretty comprehensive control to be done by a hub or HomeKit so I never have to use those apps.
It's been years since Matter and Thread were supposedly settled upon as the new standards for control and networking, but the market is, instead of being full of compatible devices, instead absolutely packed with cheap wi-fi devices, each of which is cloud-dependent and demands to be administered and even used day-to-day only through a pile-of-garbage mobile app whose main purpose is to upsell you on some cloud services.
[1] I admit the fact I have 4 is my fault for opportunistically buying cameras that were cheap rather than at least sticking with one vendor. But many people have a good excuse, perhaps one vendor makes the best doorbell camera, while another might make a better PTZ indoor camera.
Even if your hardware doesn't support local APIs, there's a good chance someone has made an HA integration to talk to their cloud API.
And if they haven’t, you can pretty trivially write your own and distribute it through HACS (I’ve got three integrations in HACS and one in mainline now)
This is the way most apps work if they have a default password the user is supposed to change.
My #1 wish would be for someone to build a HA-native voice assistant speaker. I'd pay $100 each for a smart speaker of the physical quality of the $30 Google Home Mini but which integrated directly with HA and used a modern LLM to decide what the user's intent was, instead of the Google Assistant or Siri nonsense which is like playing a text adventure whose preferred syntax changes hourly. I'd pay that plus a monthly fee to have that exist and just work.
Some form of "enter the code on the device" or "scan the QR code on the device" could then mutually authenticate the app using proof-of-presence rather than hardcoded passwords. This can still be done completely offline with no "cloud" or other access, or "lock in"; the app just uses the device secret to authenticate with the device locally. Then the user can set a raw RTSP password if desired.
This way unprovisioned devices are not nearly as vulnerable to network-level attacks. I agree that this is Not Awful but it's also Not Good. Right now, if you buy this camera and plug it into a network and _forget_ to set it up, it's a sitting duck for the time window between network connection and setup.
But that also means then that often anyone with physical access can easily get into the device. The complicated password provides an additional layer of illusion of security, because people then figure "it's not a default admin password, it should be good". The fundamental problem seems to be "many people are bad at passwords and onboarding flows", and so trying variations on shipping passwords seem to result in mostly the same problems.
That's the only real vulnerability here, and it's no big deal, but it is A Thing and there is definitely a better way to do this that doesn't lose the freedom of full-offline.
or
https://www.home-assistant.io/voice_control/thirteen-usd-voi...
It's hard to decide whether it's good or bad. It is definitely easier. Which I guess matters most in consumer grade routers.
This M5 Stack ASR unit costs $7.50, and has a vocab of about 40-70 words. That's enough to turn on/off lights and timers. You might need to come up with your own command language, but all of the ASR is extremely local
https://shop.m5stack.com/products/asr-unit-with-offline-voic...
I used to sell a home networking device,[0] and I wouldn't do what you're describing. If there were an issue where the labels calculate the wrong password or the manufacturer screws up which device gets which label, you don't find out until months later when they're in customer hands and they start complaining, and now you have to unwind your manufacturing and fulfillment pipeline to get back all the devices you've shipped.
All that to protect against what attack? One where there's malicious software on the user's network that changes the device password before the user can? In that case, the user would just not use the camera because they can't access the feed.
> I agree that would be nice, but it also doesn't sound all that practical for a small vendor.
Personalizing / customizing per device always introduces a huge amount of complexity (and thus cost). However, this is TP-Link we're talking about, who definitely have the ability to personalize credentials at scale on other product lines.
And again, to be clear, I'm not trying to argue that the current way is some horrible disaster from TP-Link, just advocating for a better solution where possible. I think the current system reads as fine, honestly, it sounds like typical cobbled together hardware vendor junk that probably has some huge amount of "real" vulnerability in it too, but this particular bit of the architecture doesn't offend me badly.
> now you have to unwind your manufacturing and fulfillment pipeline to get back all the devices you've shipped.
This can be avoided with some other type of proof-of-presence side channel which doesn't rely on manufacturing personalization - for example, a physical side-channel like "hold button to enable some PKI-based backup pairing or firmware update mode." For a camera, there should probably be an option to make this go away once provisioning is successful, since you don't want an attacker performing an evil maid attack on the device, but for pre-provisioning, it's a good option.
Sadly for family reasons I sadly can't take on projects that require more than a few minutes, so I'm holding out hope for someone to bridge the gap between the "project boards that require writing a bunch of code to interface with Home Assistant and define all of its possible abilities and commands" and "dumb as a post Google thing that you just plug in" with a hardware device that is easy to connect to HA and starts out doing what the Google thing can do, but smart instead of stupid like the legacy voice assistants are.
It is better than simple secret like 12345678 but it can go wrong too, like in the case of UPC UBEE routers where the list of potential passwords can be narrowed down to like ~60 possibilities using a googled generator [1] whilst knowing only the SSID.
It did require firmware reverse engineering to figure out [2][3] but applies to most devices I've encountered. User should ideally always change the default password regardless.
[1] https://upcwifikeys.com/UPC1236567
[2] https://deadcode.me/blog/2016/07/01/UPC-UBEE-EVW3226-WPA2-Re...
[3] https://web.archive.org/web/20161127232750/http://haxx.in/up...
For a hardware product mass produced like this, they should already have a custom label that has the unique serial number on it which is also programmed into each device, so they should already have the infrastructure to do that (potentially as part of automated board testing/flashing).
Adding a randomly generated password is hardly more work once you have the ability to do that.