The problem is that after the basics of QM, there were literally hundreds of papers by dozens of important scientists developing the subsequent theory. And you can no longer teach the subject in a linear historical fashion.
[1] https://www.cengage.com/c/modern-physics-3e-serway-moses-moy...
Besides, Einstein is just about the worst physicist to learn from on QM
[1] https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691033273/qe...
If you want something that's more focused throughout on the historical progression, a classic book is Jammer's Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics, but it assumes you're already familiar with quantum and statistical mechanics.
If you like videos, the physicist Jorge Diaz has excellent videos accessibly detailing the experimental and theoretical history https://www.youtube.com/@jkzero/playlists
In this interview he goes over pretty much exactly what you mentioned (and a lot more):
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-quantum-cookbook...
The Quantum Cookbook
Mathematical Recipes for the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
Jim Baggott
1:Planck's Derivation of E = hn: The Quantisation of Energy
2:Einstein's Derivation of E = mc2: The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
3:Bohr's Derivation of the Rydberg Formula: Quantum Numbers and Quantum Jumps
4:De Broglie's Derivation of / = h/p: Wave-particle Duality
5:Schrödinger's Derivation of the Wave Equation: Quantisation as an Eigenvalue Problem
6:Born's Interpretation of the Wavefunction: Quantum Probability
7:Heisenberg, Bohr, Robertson, and the Uncertainty Principle : The Interpretation of Quantum Uncertainty
8:Heisenberg's Derivation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle: The Stability of Matter and the Periodic Table
9:Dirac's Derivation of the Relativistic Wave Equation: Electron Spin and Antimatter
10:Dirac, Von Neumann, and the Derivation of the Quantum Formalism: State Vectors in Hilbert Space
11:Von Neumann and the Problem of Quantum Measurement: The 'Collapse of the Wavefunction'
12:Einstein, Bohm, Bell, and the Derivation of Bell's Inequality: Entanglement and Quantum Non-locality
Not a book per se, but if interested in videos, run, don't walk to check out Jorge Diaz's channel (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCJl3-pHGuU for example). It is just what you're asking for.
Another underrated channel for historical chemistry/physics fans: Marb's Lab at https://www.youtube.com/@Marbslab