Well, it's not a big problem, because most of the bank apps still work, but they rely heavily on Google Play Services. It can partially be solved with a separate profile and Graphene's sandboxed Google Play Services, but still a bit annoying :(
Specifically, Ally, Cap1, BoA, and my local bank all only make me do SMS/email nags at worst. If any of them started pushing trash like expecting to force me to install their app on my actual in-my-pocket-when-out cell-plan phone, I'd drop them like a bad habit.
I've never really had a problem with unauthorized transactions, and I'm generally not squeamish about random online retailers (though most seemed to have moved to Shopify, shrug). Generally the most important thing you can do to protect yourself against fraud is review the transactions on your account within 30 days, so any feature that makes it more difficult to do this actually hurts you.
Traditional bank accounts are quite close to an open ledger - the only thing one really needs to initiate a transaction against an account is the account number, which is printed on every check. As I said, the biggest fraud risk is not checking your accounts every ~30 days. Do this, and your liability is basically capped at having to fill out some paperwork and change account numbers.
The "Rube Goldberg contraption" is to mitigate the nonconsensual SMS nag by making it as easy as possible. My login security relies on my passwords. If someone can get those passwords, it means they've pwned my computing infrastructure and I have got much bigger problems than cleaning up unauthorized bank account activity.
As for GVoice, I chose to start using it because I saw Google and AT&T as similar attackers. I've stuck with it because it works for more of these types of things than other VOIP providers. With "AI" that original calculus might be changing, and if (when?) I decide to jump away from that then I'll probably move towards something like @rsync's "2FA Mule".
There are always crappy gimmicky options. They only matter if you're forced into using them for whatever reason. Banking has a pretty strong factor of needs to work for older person of means that isn't itching to be on the treadmill of corporate technology. At least for now.
I also like the convenience of using Google Wallet to pay for things. It's by far the fastest transaction and easier than futzing around with chip cards and pins. It's also more secure than the dumb tap to pay bullshit in credit cards themselves which do not require biometrics or pins. (Currently my main card is too old to include tap to pay, so I don't have to worry about how to disable it yet). Just generally Google Wallet is more secure than chip+pin while also being much easier to use and not having to trust some random keypad.
It's also nice to not even have to carry a wallet around. I'm not fully there yet (Apple supports my state's drivers license but Google Wallet support isn't ready yet). Phone is obviously something I take with me, it just makes wallet so vestigial since Apple Pay/Google Wallet support is becoming very ubiquitous.
My banks have also implemented 2FA login by just push notification so no typing number or such tedious stuff. Unlock my phone, pass biometrics and done.
There are more but those are just the first things that come to mind.