Compiling Ruby to machine language

Once a YJIT block executes enough times to warrant compilation, how does this system keep track of which types to compile for? Each block is tracking how many times it's entered, but not how many times it's entered for int or float or whatever types; so in the given example how would Ruby handle the compilation of the "opt_plus" stub when the input types may vary?

And by what process is the correct compiled block used depending on the input variable types?

That's the magic of YJIT, and what I'll describe in the rest of Chapter 4. YJIT uses a "wait-and-see" approach, and often defers compilation of the block/function until the actual types are provided by your program. And YJIT then keeps track of separate block versions based on the operand types, and can call the appropriate block version as needed.

This basic algorithm is called "Basic Block Versioning." Maxime Chevalier-Boisvert from Shopify has some great presentations online about this; for example [1].

I believe ZJIT, the newer JIT engine, uses a different approach. I'm exploring that now.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zO9_uTaELCw — RubyConf 2021 - YJIT - Building a new JIT Compiler inside CRuby by Maxime Chevalier Boisvert.