Very crudely if you think that a request costs the server ~10ms of compute time and a phone is 30x slower then you'd need 300ms of client compute time to equal it which seems very reasonable.
The only problem is you would need a cryptocurrency that a) lets you verify tiny chunks of work, and b) can't be done faster than you can do it on a phone using other hardware, and c) lets a client mine money without being to actually spend it ("homomorphic mining"?).
I don't know if anything like that exists but it would be an interesting problem to solve.
I still think it is possible with some customized variant of RandomX. The server could even make a bit of money by acting as a mining pool by forcing the clients to mine a certain block template. It's just that it would need to be installed as a browser plugin or something, it wouldn't be efficient running within a page.
Also the verification process for RandomX is still pretty intensive. so there is a high minimum bar for where it would be feasible.