Given that this is 'research' carried out (and seemingly published) by a company with a direct interest in selling you a product (or, rather, getting investors excited/panicked), can we trust it?
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I think Anthropic genuinely cares about model welfare and wants to make sure they aren't spawning consciousness, torturing it, and then killing it.
For anyone having paid attention, it has been clear for the past two years that Dario Amodei is lobbying for strict regulation on LLMs to prevent new entrants on the market, and the core of its argument is that LLMs are fundamentally intelligent and dangerous.
So this kind of “research” isn't targeted towards their customers but towards the legislators.