AMD developed their closed source Vulkan driver for Windows based on their proprietary shader compiler from their existing proprietary OpenGL driver (amdgpu-pro). They promised to release this driver as open source but didn't want to release the shader compiler for who knows what reason so this took them a while. Meanwhile David Airlie (Red Hat) and Bas Nieuwenhuizen (student at the time) didn't want to wait for that or were just looking for a challenge and wrote their own open source Vulkan driver (radv) which got pretty good results from the start. Linux distributions prefer open source drivers so this one quickly became the default. One AMD released the open-source version of their driver (amdvlk) it was faster than radv in some games but not decidedly so. It was also not an open project but rather just an open source release of their proprietary driver with a different shader compiler. So there wasn't really any reason for the open source developers to abandon their work on radv and switch to amdvlk. But they could and did use amdvlk to learn from it and improve radv so it was still useful. When Valve decided to contribute directly to Linux graphics drivers, radv was already winning so they backed that one as well.
Note that this is only about the user-space portion of the driver - the kernel part of the Linux drivers is shared by all of these as well as the OpenGL drivers - there used to be a proprietary kernel driver from AMD as well but that was abandoned with the switch to the "amdgpu-pro" package.