Causal profiling is something I infrequently use but I have been able to apply it outside of micro benchmarks in an orchestration system.
If you have a business process that is complex and owned by many different groups then causal profiling can be a good tool for dealing with the complexity. For large workflows in particular this can be powerful as the orchestration owner can experiment without much coordination (other than making sure the groups know/agree that some processing might be delayed).