- It lets you throw JBODs (of ANY size) and you can create a "RAID" over them.
- The biggest drive must be a parity drive(s).
- N parity = surviving N drive failures.
- You can expand your storage pool 1 drive at a time. You need to recalculate parity for the full array.
The actual data is spread across drives. If a drive fails, you rebuild it from the parity. This is another implementation (using MergerFS + SnapRAID) https://perfectmediaserver.com/02-tech-stack/snapraid/
It's a very simple model to think of compared to something like ZFS. You can add/remove capacity AND protection as you go.
Its perf is significantly less than ZFS of course.
The cache pool is recommended to be mirrored for this reason (not many people see why I find this to be amusing).
Yes, Unraid can crash-and-burn in quite a lot of different ways. Ask me how I know! Why I'm all-in on ZFS now.