Please read source docs instead of relying on LLMs, especially for RDBMS. I’ve found they quite often get something subtly wrong; for example, recommending that the PK be added to a secondary composite index in MySQL - this is entirely unnecessary, because all secondary indices in MySQL implicitly include the PK.
> lookup table worth it
Is not doing it worth the risk of referential integrity violations? How important is your data to you? You can say, “oh, the app will handle that” all you want, but humans are not perfect, but RDBMS is as close as you’re ever going to come to it. I have seen orphaned rows and referential violations at every company I’ve been at that didn’t enforce foreign key constraints.
There is a performance hit at scale to not doing it, also: imagine you have a status column with some ENUM-esque values, like CANCELED, APPROVED, etc. If stored as TEXT or VARCHAR, that’s N+(1-2 bytes) per string. At the hundreds of millions or billions of rows scale, this adds up. Storage is cheap, but memory isn’t, and if you’re wasting it on repeated text strings, that’s a lot fewer rows per page you can fit, and so more disk access is required. JSON objects are the same, since both MySQL and Postgres only shift large blob-type objects off-page after a certain threshold.