The main challenge appears to be the neural-computer interface - the electrodes. As the article states, there are several startups in this space all bottlenecked by the same constraint, and accurately translating neural impulses into digital (Or even analog) signals is the key to unlocking a whole arena of transhuman development.
Most such startups are scaling up the number of electrodes interfacing with the neurons to overcome this bottleneck, but I wonder if an unconventional approach could overcome the limit more gracefully. I may be a dreamer, but a high fidelity synthetic neural fiber is the holy grail here. I do remember reading people partially healed of paralysis due to spinal injury, because of electrical conduits that bridged the injured neural gap.
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