As an example, my close friend group initially bonded over going out to eat at fancy restaurants, bars, and traveling all over the world. When many of them started having kids, our shared activities shifted more towards cookouts at each other's homes, kid-friendly breweries with playgrounds, and trips closer to home where we can rent a big house with things for the kids to do.
I think whether friends can make this transition depends on the depth of the friendship. In my case, most of the group were friends for 10+ years and done a ton of different things together before kids entered the scene, so the strength of the friendship was really activity agnostic at that point. I could see less long-lasting friendships or ones built more around specific activities having more of a challenge navigating the change.
Yes, and that's when you find out whether the friendship was merely "built on" that experience, or is entirely composed of it.
I have lots of friendships that were formed in the kinds of experiences you describe - especially long distance cycling. Those people all have kids now, and we don't go cycle touring together. But I put the effort into finding other stuff to do with them, so we're still friends.
I became friends with you. If you change yourself by making a choice (whatever choice that might be), you shouldn't expect the other person to still stick with you.
It really depends on the people's values and lifestyle, the nature of your change and the degree to which your persona/life changes. If we bonded over vegan activism, and you decide to become a meat eater, it might not work. We bonded over art and now you decide to go live in the mountains as an ermit, might not work. We bonded over living off-grid and now you want to move to the city, might not work. We bonded over travelling and now you can't travel anymore and are stuck in a city with a kid, might not work.
People change over their lives. Your values are not the same as 9-year old you or 17-year old you. Life experiences and choices change you. Just because I was friends with 17-year old you who had a personality and set of values I aligned with, does not mean that I need to be friends with 40 year old you. 17-year eco activist turned homebody money-obsessed 40 year old man or 25 year old athlete turned into exercise-avoidant 50 year old man.
There is no soul or magical core to like here. The only thing that links you to your past selves is a memory of shared experiences