One thing to remember: most stuff can be forgotten safely. There are very few things you’ll actually want to look up a few months from now on…
At the end of the day some of this information is most likely lodged in your brain and the digital version can be discarded. However some of it should be retained manually in some system - or at least I feel it should.
What approaches do people use to consolidate and store this information to allow all tabs etc to be closed for the next work day?
One thing to remember: most stuff can be forgotten safely. There are very few things you’ll actually want to look up a few months from now on…
Here is the first one I found: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0956797614524581
The often cited study is [3] which shows longform writing to be more beneficial - it also comes to this conclusion: "Although more notes are beneficial, at least to a point, if the notes are taken indiscriminately or by mindlessly transcribing content, as is more likely the case on a lap-top than when notes are taken longhand, the benefit dis-appears."
There was a follow-up study made (see [1], [2]) that showed it made no difference in the end. It's what you do with it afterwards that really matters.
Long story short? One form is not more superior to other, but I find typed text (in a digital document) easier to manipulate, transfer to other tools (i.e. Anki) and less friction when I'm thinking as I type.
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[1] https://www.themantic-education.com/ibpsych/2023/01/20/note-...
[2] https://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com/2022/01/is-handwriting...
[3] https://brucehayes.org/Teaching/papers/MuellerAndOppenheimer...