There is also the theory that the British just had more practice at gunnery and sailhandling while blockading the French/Spanish in the various ports.
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The Americans drilled daily with live cannon, while the British drilled less often, and without live fire (presumably to conserve powder and balls).
As an unsurprising result, American crews were more experienced at reloading under the duress of cannonade. The sound on the gun decks was so great it would burst eardrums. The smoke made it too hard to see anything a few feet from the portals.
If you've never been near a gunpowder cannon fire, it's hard to comprehend the surreal rupture of reality it causes in your perception. I was to the side, but in front, of one. My world went black, then lightening values of gray. Sound returned. Then people appeared in the fog, moving with their arms out trying to get away blindly from the threat they perceived (that was already over).
Without proper training, new sailors will stumble badly in their first firefight, and each man on the gundeck is crucial to a team. The officers were outside the deck, so they could receive orders. If you can't load your cannon while blind and deaf, your cannon sits quiet a long time.
The British had to start using cut down ships of the line against them.
In WW2 terms, they were battle cruisers taking on heavy and light cruisers.
The battle cruiser example is especially apt because a 24lb cannon could pierce any ship of the line’s hull.