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Show HN: Semantic Calculator (king-man+woman=?)

(calc.datova.ai)
176 points nxa | 1 comments | 14 May 25 19:54 UTC | HN request time: 0.207s | source

I've been playing with embeddings and wanted to try out what results the embedding layer will produce based on just word-by-word input and addition / subtraction, beyond what many videos / papers mention (like the obvious king-man+woman=queen). So I built something that doesn't just give the first answer, but ranks the matches based on distance / cosine symmetry. I polished it a bit so that others can try it out, too.

For now, I only have nouns (and some proper nouns) in the dataset, and pick the most common interpretation among the homographs. Also, it's case sensitive.

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godelski ◴[14 May 25 21:08 UTC] No.43989245[source]▶

  data + plural = number
  data - plural = research
  king - crown = (didn't work... crown gets circled in red)
  king - princess = emperor
  king - queen = kingdom
  queen - king = worker
  king + queen = queen + king = kingdom
  boy + age = (didn't work... boy gets circled in red)
  man - age = woman
  woman - age = newswoman
  woman + age = adult female body (tied with man)
  girl + age = female child
  girl + old = female child
The other suggestions are pretty similar to the results I got in most cases. But I think this helps illustrate the curse of dimensionality (i.e. distances are ill-defined in high dimensional spaces). This is still quite an unsolved problem and seems a pretty critical one to resolve that doesn't get enough attention.
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n2d4 ◴[14 May 25 22:28 UTC] No.43989843[source]▶
For fun, I pasted these into ChatGPT o4-mini-high and asked it for an opinion:

   data + plural    = datasets
   data - plural    = datum
   king - crown     = ruler
   king - princess  = man
   king - queen     = prince
   queen - king     = woman
   king + queen     = royalty
   boy + age        = man
   man - age        = boy
   woman - age      = girl
   woman + age      = elderly woman
   girl + age       = woman
   girl + old       = grandmother
The results are surprisingly good, I don't think I could've done better as a human. But keep in mind that this doesn't do embedding math like OP! Although it does show how generic LLMs can solve some tasks better than traditional NLP.

The prompt I used:

> Remember those "semantic calculators" with AI embeddings? Like "king - man + woman = queen"? Pretend you're a semantic calculator, and give me the results for the following:

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nbardy ◴[14 May 25 22:49 UTC] No.43989988[source]▶
I hate to be pedantic, but the llm is definitely doing embedding math. In fact that’s all it does.
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n2d4 ◴[15 May 25 03:14 UTC] No.43991466[source]▶
Sure! Although I think we both agree that the way those embeddings are transformed is significantly different ;)

(what I meant to say is that it doesn't do embedding math "LIKE" the OP — not that it doesn't do embedding math at all.)

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1. coolcase ◴[15 May 25 11:06 UTC] No.43993755[source]▶
Yeah we'd be impressed if an LLM calculated the product of a couple of 1000x1000 matrices.