How a 20 year old bug in GTA San Andreas surfaced in Windows 11 24H2

IMHO, if something isn’t part of the contract, it should be randomized. Eg if iteration order of maps isn’t guaranteed in your language, then your language should go out of its way to randomize it. Otherwise, you end up with brittle code: code that works fine until it doesn’t.

Regarding contracts, there's an additional lesson here, quoting from the source:

> This is an interesting lesson in compatibility: even changes to the stack layout of the internal implementations can have compatibility implications if an application is bugged and unintentionally relies on a specific behavior.

I suppose this is why Linux kernel maintainers insist on never breaking user space.