> you dont get too far into python -- especially if you are reading (or copypastaing) other People's code -- before you see if __name__ == "__main__"
First off, if you are teaching someone, you are showing that person the code, and not allowing copy-and-paste.
Second, no, that comes up much less often than you'd expect.
Third, it's the same as `if value == 'example':`. Underscores are not jargon.
Fourth, it's trivially searchable. That's the part where you can copy and paste - into a search engine, which will immediately find you several competent explanations such as https://stackoverflow.com/questions/419163 .
> even "def" is kind of a weird fucking keyword.
Admittedly a poor choice, but not a deal breaker. You need the concept of functions to do programming. But you don't need the concept of data hiding, nor do you need any of the multiple, barely-related concepts described by the term "static".
> Don't get me started about teaching beginners which datatypes are pass by reference and which are pass by value.
There's nothing to explain. They are all pass by value, per the strict meaning of those terms.
Those terms have been widely seen as less than ideal for decades, however, because they fail to account for variables with reference semantics (i.e., what Python uses - which are sometimes called "names"). A more modern term is "pass by assignment", which correctly describes all variable passing in Python: passing an argument to a parameter is a form of assignment, and works the same way as assigning a value to a name.
This is far less complex than C#, in which user-defined types may have either value semantics or reference semantics, and which supports both pass by assignment and two separate, true forms of pass by reference (for initialization and for modifying an existing object). And certainly it's less complex than whatever C++ is doing (see e.g. https://langdev.stackexchange.com/questions/3798 ).
> try explaining to an elementary school student why
First: if someone gives you a bag with three apples in it, you can put another apple in the bag and give it back, and the other person will have a bag with four apples in it. But if you add 3 + 1, that doesn't change the meaning of 3. These are simple ideas that an elementary school student already understands.
Second: from extensive experience teaching beginners (never mind that you are moving the goalposts now), it makes no sense to get into the theory. It's not helpful. A student who can ask about this has already lost the plot, because the two examples use completely different syntax (a method call versus an assignment) so they shouldn't be expected to work similarly. You avoid this problem by using more precise language early on. "Change" is not an appropriate word here.
Third: you give this example because you think that `bar` (and you imply by your naming that a list is being passed) demonstrates pass by reference. This is simply incorrect. Please read https://nedbatchelder.com/text/names1.html.
Fourth: your use of profanity and the overall tone of your writing suggests that you simply don't like the fact that Python works the way that it does. This is not a good look IMO.
Just for the record, I've been in variations of this discussion countless times. I know what I'm talking about. All links above are in my bookmarks.