Brazil's government-run payments system has become dominant

1. I'm not sure but I'm gonna guess no. Aren't Americans notoriously hard to offer banking services to due to anti-money laundering regulations?

2. Yes, it's quite easy

Wasn't the Fed going to launch their own take on UPI with FedNow?

America via FATCA requires foreign banks to snitch out all US persons, without any warrant or accusation of crime, to the American IRS, either directly or through exchange agreement for same information through their reporting to the foreign government.

The requirements are fairly simple, but the liability is extreme so that most banks across the world generally are loathe to do this unless you have some kind of resident visa and professional+ income or a large net worth.

If the foreign (Brazilian) bank fails to do so then US cuts off their access to USD.

As a practical matter casual offshore banking for middle class or lower Americans is closed off, the message broadcast loud and clear from the government is they would prefer you to use crypto as a substitute.

I remember when I was creating my first bank account, I had to sign under a lot of papers stating that I am not an American citizen and that I'm not lying because of this.