Zlib-rs is faster than C

        unsafe {
            let x_tmp0 = _mm_clmulepi64_si128(xmm_crc0, crc_fold, 0x10);
            xmm_crc0 = _mm_clmulepi64_si128(xmm_crc0, crc_fold, 0x01);
            xmm_crc1 = _mm_xor_si128(xmm_crc1, x_tmp0);
            xmm_crc1 = _mm_xor_si128(xmm_crc1, xmm_crc0);

Presumably with inline assembly both languages can emit what is effectively the same machine code. Is the Rust compiler a better optimizing compiler than C compilers?

  In addition, unsafe does not mean the code inside the
  block is necessarily dangerous or that it will definitely
  have memory safety problems: the intent is that as the
  programmer, you’ll ensure the code inside an unsafe block
  will access memory in a valid way.

I have no idea what your definition of encapsulation is, but mine is not this.

It's really only encapsulated in the sense that if you have a finite and small set of unsafe blocks, you can audit them easier and be pretty sure that your memory safety bugs are in there. This reality really doesn't exist much anymore because of how much unsafe is often ued, and since you you have to audit all of them, whether they come from a library or not, it's not as useful to claim encapsulation as one thinks.

I do agree in theory that unsafe encapsulation was supposed to be a thing, but i think it's crazy at this point to not admit that unsafe blocks turned out to easily have much more global effects than people expected, in many more cases, and are used more readily than expected.

Saying "scaling reasoning" also implies someone reasoned about it, or can reason about it.

But the practical problem is the same in both cases - someone got the reasoning wrong and nothing flagged it.

Wanna go search github for how many super popular libraries using unsafe had global correctness issues due to local unsafe blocks that a human reasoned incorrectly about, but something like miri found? Most of that unsafety that turned out to be buggy also was done for (unnecessary) performance reasons.

What you are saying is just something people tell themselves to make them feel okay about using unsafe all over the place.

If you want global correctness, something has to verify it, ideally not-human.

In the end, the thing C lacks is tools like miri that can be used practically with low false-positives, not "encapsulation" of unsafe code, which is trivially easy to perform in C.

Let's not kid ourselves here and end up building an ecosystem that is just as bad as the C one, but our egos refuse to allow us to admit it. We should instead admit our problems and try to improve.

Unsafe also has legitimate use cases in rust, for sure - but most unsafe code i look at does not need to exist, and is not better than unsafe C.

I'll give you an example: There are entire popular embedded bluetooth stacks in rust using unsafe global mutable variables and raw pointers and ..., across threads, for everything.

This is not better than the C equivalent - in fact it's worse, because users think it is safe and it's very not.

At least nobody thinks the C version is safe. It will often therefore be shoved in a binary that is highly sandboxed/restricted/etc.

It would be one thing if this was in the process of being ported/translated from C. But it's not.

Using intrinsics that require alignment and the API was still being worked on - probably a reasonable use of unsafe (though still easy to cause global problems like buffer overflows if you screwed up the alignment)

The bluetooth example - unreasonable.