Microsoft built a very extensible I/O stack and prior to Defender/prior to SSDs it really wasn't very noticable... back when it was originally designed well through the 90s and early 00s.
Unfortunately it is now noticable despite being an otherwise smart design. Which means Windows and/or NTFS are blamed as being slow, neither of which has any basis in fact when we look at the overall design of Windows' subsystems/VMM in comparison to macOS/Linux.
It sucks. You've got great plumbing in Windows with a shit shell on top.
I agonize over the insanity of removing Defender protection on precisely the files that are most vulnerable on my computer each time I do it. But I do it anyway.
Interestingly, Android Studio offers to turn off Defender protection for development directories for you, and does so each time you load a project, if you haven't already done so. So I no longer feel like I'm alone in my insanity.