A bestiary of exotic hadrons

>The dynamics of quarks and gluons can be described perturbatively in hard processes thanks to the smallness of the strong coupling constant at short distances, but the spectrum of stable hadrons is affected by non-perturbative effects and cannot be computed from the fundamental theory. Though lattice QCD attempts this by discretising space–time in a cubic lattice, the results are time consuming and limited in precision by computational power. Predictions rely on approximate analytical methods such as effective field theories.

I'm glad this was mentioned, non-perturbative effects are not well understood and this is a big part of why it's worthwhile to study bound states of the strong force.

Give LQCD practitioners resources on the scale of the experiment, the computations will get faster!

I'm not sure what they mean by "Predictions rely on approximate analytical methods such as effective field theories." The predictions of LQCD are ab initio. Sometimes we fit EFTs to LQCD results, that's true. But EFTs are under control and have quantifiable uncertainties, they're not just willy-nilly approximations.