There is plenty of evidence that either dark matter or an alternative is needed and CDM is just the most popular take.
Yes... we can claim that the gravitational effects are what let us 'observe' it, but this is like the former view of geocentrism and then using various orbital corrections to make things work. That is to say, one can choose almost any axiom and then fit predictive models to work around it, but it doesn't mean that the axiom itself is more accurate, and indeed we should always be looking to vet our axioms anyway.
Dark matter generally is less a theory and more a question: Where is all this mass? Does it really exist? What can explain it? What is missing from or wrong with our understanding of physics that explains our observations?
If you want to complain about a specific theory of dark matter like lambda-CDM or challenge our understanding of gravity or whatever, it'd be more correct to name the actual theory.