"Donald Trump" in CJK, taken from Wikipedia page URL and as I hear it - each are close enough[1] and natural enough in each respective languages but none of it are particularly useful for counting R in strawberry:
C: 唐納·川普, "Thangnar Changpooh"
J: ドナルド・トランプ, "Donaludo Toranpu"
K: 도널드 트럼프, "D'neldeh Tlempeuh"
> What does it mean to be a “phonetic language”?
Means the script is intended to record pronunciation rather than intention, e.g. it's easy to see how "cow" is intended to be pronounced but it's not necessarily clear what a cow is; ideographic script on the other hand focuses on meaning, e.g. "魚" is supposed to look like a fish but pronunciation varies from "yueh", "sakana", "awe", etc.
1: I tried looking up other notable figures, but thought this person having entertainment background tends to illustrate the point more clearly