Learn to derive ideas from axioms, don't just memorize things for the sake of it.
Learn to do it everyday. Learn to do it fast. You'll reap rewards. For example, like identifying root causes and implementing solutions for it.
How do I learn how 'to think'? How do I learn to create an internal dialogue to comment on my surroundings and tasks?
I am hoping for a book recommendation, or maybe a blog post. I've heard that Ulysses is a stream-of-consciousness book, but I have not checked it out.
I would hope that books help - but I have read a lot of books and still don't think. I am hoping for a tutorial or something to practice.