Actually, what you experienced is a well known technique to increase the number of pullups, the idea is that your previous training only allowed to get 8 reps, which is a low volume for a muscle, so you are not working optimally, by doing one by one, you can focus on giving maximum power at each rep, so if you want to increase even more, do series of 2-3 with explosiveness, pause 30-60 sec, start again, and try to reach a volume of 20 or something. It should feel easy enough to be able to do the 2-3 reps at maximum strength. If you are already at >15 you can increase the number of base reps, but the key is that each one should be kinda easy.
There is a related concept called grease the goove if you want to Google.
Now, regarding learning, while some parallels between muscle building and studying exists, I find it a stretch. Yes consistency is often key, but now suppose that instead of focusing for 1h every day on difficult problems I only do 5min, certainly it will work, I'll learn stuff, but not as much as someone doing consistently 1h study.
Recovery time is important in study and muscle though