The other interesting fact which is lesser known is that earlier G's of digital phone xfer are in what is somewhat a sweet spot of cracking, not very easy at all, but just easy enough to be crackable. But their encryption is breakable! THe rainbow table is 2 TB and took several months to build -
https://github.com/0xh4di/GSMDecryption?tab=readme-ov-file
Now I wonder if later Gs have a bit of a decryption loophole for this reason or that, this state actor or that.