Adverse childhood experiences and hippocampal volumetric reductions: MRI study

> Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic or stressful events that occur in the first 18 years of life (V. J. Felitti et al., 2019). Exposure to ACEs typically consists of childhood exposure to abuse (sexual, physical, emotional), neglect (physical or emotional), or household dysfunction (parental mental health or substance use challenge, divorce, witnessing domestic violence, parental incarceration, etc.).

I skimmed through the interesting parts of the paper, and studies like this are important for encouraging more efforts toward prevention. But what can we do for the people who have already experienced this? How can we undo the damage, especially when the effects seem significant and permanent?