It's assumed that the odds of dying at a given age are frozen. So if someone is currently 15, their odds of making it to 100 are their odds of surviving 16 times their odds of surviving 17 times their odds of surviving 18, and so forth. If you're in the US, as of 2021, for all ages over 11 your life expectancy decreases by less than 1 year per year, and if you've attained the ripe old age of 119, your life expectancy is only one month shorter than that of someone 2 years younger than you.
Many demographic trends like fertility rate are treated the same way. While it is not a very accurate prediction for how long a current young person will actually live, it's a consistent metric that doesn't rely on a particular model of future events. It's good for discussions like this where we're more interested in how the value is changing than the actual value itself.