It's like asking whether Congress has the power to enact laws now that judicial review is a thing
While I wouldn't be totally surprised to see this argument, Commissioner Holyoak's dissenting statement doesn't raise it. Instead she purports 1) the FTC didn't properly follow the rule making requirements and 2) the rule is overbroad.
I don't believe this is accurate, as you stated
>The overturning of Chevron deference enables the judiciary to first find that the FTC's authority for this rule is grounded in an ambiguous statute and then decide the FTC went beyond their authority.
The only thing the SCOTUS can do is rule against the agency for exceeding its congressional authority. They aren't substituting their own expertise. Correct me if I'm wrong.
The plain reading of Loper Bright is that the courts should make their own independent interpretation of the statutory provisions. In doing so the court can ignore the agency’s expertise.