Lo and behold it is exactly the same as Google pagerank.
2NE1 ages
I can go through this list and see you are exactly the same, except you leave up more spam.
Just one example of thousands I've looked at.
Also if you believe this is wrong you should submit search quality feedback to kagifeedback.org
We get a lot of feedback but it is mostly for technical queries that we usually address:
https://kagifeedback.org/t/search-quality
If you provide details what went wrong in kagi results for this query (and what sites should rank #1, #2... in your opinion) we can take a look. With search quality because it is such a broad space, what does not get reported, does not get looked at and addressed.
I think you need to take a good hard look at what makes for shitty content and build some parameters off that. And if you had to go off pagerank (to begin with) I would be trying stuff like adding hidden penalties to popular CMSes, boosting reddit/HN content, and following SEO trends just to thwart them. I would categorize websites by expertise so queries related to korea do not rank pages from the hindustantimes. When you search for air filters, you should probably get that housefresh team and not forbes etc. The upvote system you have is moving in the right direction but even that will need to be fortified with anti-seoer measures.
I would try to create real EEAT standards that cannot be gamed without massive investments.
It's too late to undo the damage that the Danny Sullivans of the world have done but maybe can save something here.