Here in the real world, that manufacturing cost is largely irrelevant.
I think this comment perfectly proves that this is relevant.
Manufacturing is quite relevant. If the actual cost of "discovered and proved effective" is far lower than claimed, then manufacturability becomes a concern. If the cost of discovery and proven effectiveness is borne by governments and universities, then the manufacturing is the only cost borne by the pharmaceutical companies.
It was a learning experience: always look in the place where the thing is. It saves a lot of time. Her problem was that she first checked all the places it wasn't.
This is true even if you find it the first place you look.
A big part of the issue is too readily discounting or assuming where it isn’t too early. It’s often better to methodically search sections and areas at a time in a thorough process of elimination even of places you know it isn’t, just as a matter of practicality, and so the process of elimination is actually fully eliminating possibilities, and not just confirming biases.
I assume this is all an analogy for the cost of research, and how not every research opportunity pans out?
I think it's a cute analogy, but we have plenty of drugs that are decades old, research costs long paid off, and people die because they can't afford them. This isn't an economics 101 essay prompt, the costs of medicine have life-or-death implications.
As the go-to example, insulin was discovered in a university more than 100 years ago. The patent was famously sold for $1, so the research "cost" to the drug companies is negligible. The price didn't decrease in the US until 2023, when the government capped the price at $35/mo - an 70+% reduction. The cost in other countries is still less than 30% of the US price. This is basically the equivalent to someone telling your wife where the doodad was, and her pretending it takes 10 minutes to find.
PreP, which prevents HIV, was entirely funded by the US Government - both research and manufacturing costs - and its manufactured by several companies who weren't involved in the research. The average prescription cost was >2000/mo from every source until the government stepped in. That's more than some people's monthly salary. This is basically like someone handing the doodad to your wife, and her pretending it is a full-time job to find.
But I'd love for you to tell me the truth about insulin, because I'm sure that the law(s) that attempted to cap prices had nothing to do with the prices being lowered to that exact amount at the exact same time?
Perhaps a quick self test would be to hypothesize the cost of Novolog before this law and then look up the price in old archives.
I usually do these self-tests to check whether my belief systems are accurate. But if you don’t want to, I’m not one to chastise. I just wouldn’t want to converse.
Novolog in 2024 is cheaper than almost any point in the history of (that version of) the drug. "Strangely", Novolog and competition (eg. Humalog) increase prices almost in perfect lockstep, for decades, dramatically outpacing inflation, which is not typically how prices look in a competitive market. Decades after the "cost of research" should be priced in. The obvious reason for this, is that the drug is a medical necessity and consumers can't shop around, so typical market dynamics don't work, allowing companies to raise prices without repercussions. Furthermore, drug companies voluntarily stopping production of cheaper, older, off-patent insulin products - not a single one has been stopped for safety reasons, and clinic benefits of new products since the 1921 patent are minimal.
In the 2020s, US politicians started publicly criticizing drug companies for their prices of insulin. Then they introduced a slew of bills intending to cap the price at $35/mo - a 70% reduction. Several bills failed to be passed, but one managed to pass. In that time, all major insulin manufacturers announced they were "voluntarily" reducing their prices to $35/mo (or lower) - set to take affect the same time as the above mentioned law.
Not sure how you think the history of insulin technology really relates to this, other than the 1982 recombinant DNA insulin was promised to be cheaper? It doesn't work meaningfully better for most patients. When recombinant DNA insulin ("human insulin") was first sold in the US in 1982, it was priced at $0.5/day (1.5 in 2024), while traditional "animal" insulin was closer to $0.3/day (0.95 in 2024). It was special because it promised unlimited supply, with minimal risk of shortages. Eli Lilly said, in 1982, that they expect the price to drop over time. The first time that it was cheaper (inflation adjusted) was 2024 when the new US law went into affect. Oh, this only applies to the US, elsewhere the prices have been low and dropping consistently, even from Eli Lilly.
What's truly damning, is that the clinical benefits of the insulin invented since that first University of Toronto $1 patent version is pretty minimal compared to the UT version from 1921. You can make snide comments of "wading in the shallows" discussing new technology, but the original patent would still have provided comparable medical outcomes to the millions of people who need insulin in 2024.
Is it possible you're defending the actions of a giant corporation that raised the prices of a medically necessary drug out of greed, and now you're re-writing history for them to justify your defense? Maybe you need to devise a new self-test to check your belief systems.
Citations:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10718803/
Inflation Calculator: https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/infl...
Archival News from 1982 and
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/10/30/f...
https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/30/us/a-new-insulin-given-ap...