what even is the reasoning they have for proposing and implementing this?
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In particular, while using a VPN or Tor. So in one sense it’s even a pro-privacy move, insofar as it allows to distinguish a human user on a legit device using a VPN from a bot using a VPN (upon which the server can present a captcha or denial to the latter, but not the former, making it less onerous for average users to use a VPN).
I don't see the issue here at all. Apple added this because otherwise the web would be completely broken in iCloud Private Relay due to the constant catchas and hardwalls. Google wants to add it to kill adblockers entirely. It's not even the same ballpark.
The fact that a device is locked down should confer zero benefits on the open web as a matter of uncompromising principle.