I have no idea what current tech is, but here's something from 20 years ago: Slashdot makes downvotes have a reason, and has a metamoderation.
So I post a well-researched article that refutes something the parent says. There's no reason that should be downvoted past 1.
- On HN someone downvotes it because they don't like the article
- On Slashdot someone downvotes it because they don't like the article. The pick "-1 flamebait" as the reason because "I disagree" isn't available, and because they are happy to lie. Then someone else metamoderates - "is this flamebait Y/N?" they say it isn't. The moderator then has their moderation judged as unfair and their moderation powers limited.