The ssh-agent protocol has always had the ability to sign data. It sounds like the new part is being able to verify signatures without needing the private key.
If you give ssh-agent some data and a public key then — if it has the corresponding private key — it will return a signature for your data using that private key.
The protocol command is SSH_AGENTC_SIGN_REQUEST and it’s the bread and butter of how the agent does its job.
Historically, it’s not tractable for public sign/verify but you can use it as a way to do symmetric encrypt/decrypt with ssh-agent.
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