I mean I already knew something was weird when I couldnt su into root and do... root things without a bios hack on a Mac. Thats just not how Unix works at all... The whole concept of root is you are root no exceptions.
That very much depends on what distribution you use. The Fedora/CentOS/RHEL world has had SELinux enabled by default for years. The Debian world has not but AppArmor is pretty popular there and while that's a fairly different system it hits many of the same sandboxing points. Beyond the default configuration, anyone who is following a hardening standard like CIS is going to have SELinux enabled, too.