What does it mean to be a good student versus a potentially good student? How do you tell the difference between a good student with test anxiety, an average student who tests well, and a below average student who has been tutored to compensate for their lack of discernment? How do you compare a good student in a severely disadvantaged intellectual and/or economic environment with a student who rates the same on educational attainment as the prior student, but lacks meaningful barriers to learning?
Differences and advantages in stimuli and investment in intellectual activity exist in continuum that isn’t just what happens at school or at home but also what happens in the hands and minds of students. It also touches on funding of public schools, and how that funding is levied mainly by local municipal and county property taxes with federal and state contributions. This reliance on local tax base creates intellectual deserts in many of the same places you find food deserts. For a fair system to be possible, we have to have a conversation about goals in admissions process and what is fair and what is unfair in the current system to inform us about what a fairer system might look like.
If college admissions is a measure of success, the measure should not be the target and be gamed by those with power and influence to do so. There must be some accounting for this disparity in opportunity for the student and their representatives to game the system. It’s fine to have a legacy system but I see it as opening the door to this kind of anti-meritocratic behavior by students, their families, their schools and counselors, and especially by the colleges and universities they apply to.
In order to know how good an individual is we need to know both how big a fish they are, and how big the pond is. But we can’t stop there. We need to know how much food they ate and how much energy they expended to get it. Would they have done better in a different pond? Possibly. Should they have done better considering how much opportunity they and their peers had? Also a question we should be able to answer. We should have better tools to know how to better teach and also to better learn.