Making LeCun report to Wang was the most boneheaded move imaginable. But… I suppose Zuckerberg knows what he wants, which is AI slopware and not truly groundbreaking foundation models.
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Frontier models are all profitable. Inference is sold with a damn good margin, and the amounts of inference AI companies sell keeps rising. This necessitates putting more and more money into infrastructure. AI R&D is extremely expensive too, and this necessitates even more spending.
A mistake I see people make over and over again is keeping track of the spending but overlooking the revenue altogether. Which sure is weird: you don't get from $0B in revenue to $12B in revenue in a few years by not having a product anyone wants to buy.
And I find all the talk of "non-deterministic hallucinatory nature" to be overrated. Because humans suffer from all of that too, just less severely. On top of a number of other issues current AIs don't suffer from.
Nonetheless, we use human labor for things. All AI has to do is provide a "good enough" alternative, and it often does.
Text and languages contain structured information and encode a lot of real-world complexity (or it's "modelling" that).
Not saying we won't pivot to visual data or world simulations, but he was clearly not the type of person to compete with other LLM research labs, nor did he propose any alternative that could be used to create something interesting for end-users.
But that sure didn't happen.
We have estimates that range from 30% to 70% gross margin on API LLM inference prices at major labs, 50% middle road. 10% to 80% gross margin on user-facing subscription services, error bars inflated massively. We also have many reports that inference compute has come to outmatch training run compute for frontier models by a factor of x10 or more over the lifetime of a model.
The only source of uncertainty is: how much inference do the free tier users consume? Which is something that the AI companies themselves control: they are in charge of which models they make available to the free users, and what the exact usage caps for free users are.
Adding that up? Frontier models are profitable.
This goes against the popular opinion, which is where the disbelief is coming from.
Note that I'm talking LLMs rather than things like image or video generation models, which may have vastly different economics.
That didn’t last. People in the know knew that once you have a billion users and insane revenue and market power and have basically bought or driven out of business most of your competitors (Diapers.com, Jet.com, etc) you can eventually slow down your physical expansion, tighten the screws on your suppliers, increase efficiencies, and start printing money.
The VCs who are funding these companies are hoping that they have found the next Amazon. Many will probably go out of business, but some might join the ranks of trillion dollar companies.
They generate revenue, but most companies are in the hole for the research capital outlay.
If open source models from China become popular, then the only thing that matters is distribution / moat.
Can these companies build distribution advantage and moats?
The issue is context. trying to make an AI assistant with just text only inputs is doeable but limiting. You need to know the _context_ of all the data, and without visual input most of it is useful.
For example "Where is the other half of this" is almost impossible to solve unless you have an idea of what "this" is.
but to do that you need to have cameras, to use cameras you need to have position, object, and people tracking. And that is a hard problem thats not solved.
the hypothesis is that "world models" solve that with an implicit understanding of the worl and the objects in context
Now, it's not like he opened up Anthropic's books for an audit, so you don't necessarily have to trust him. But you do need to believe that either (a) what he is saying is roughly true or (b) he is making the sort of fraudulent statements that could get you sent to prison.
Hyper growth is expensive because it’s usually capital intensive. The trick is, once that growth phase is over, can you then start milking your customers while keeping a lid on costs? Not everyone can, but Amazon did, and most investors think OpenAI and Anthropic can as well.