Reasoning models reason well, until they don't

I find that they know what they know fairly well, but if you move beyond that, into what can be reasoned from what they know, they have a profound lack of ability to do that. They are good at repeating their training data, not thinking about it.

The problem, I find, is that they then don't stop, or say they don't know (unless explicitly prompted to do so) they just make stuff up and express it with just as much confidence.

The problem is that the training data doesn't contain a lot of "I don't know".