Disclaimer: I work at Glide but not on Google Sheets integration.
Triggers/AppScript - not that I am aware of right now...
Everyone I know doing stuff with GSheets (including Glide) is using a full-sync approach with an optimistic write layer of some sort.
GSheets API frequently reports being unable to do things, sometimes because it's calculating (common for huge sheets), sometimes just because it's down, other-times because rate limits
My impression is it's not a great API to build on directly.
A trigger based system that captured writes and wrote them to an outbox sheet could drastically speed up the sync process however.
The reason why we don't use that approach is there isn't APIs sufficient to setup this sort of thing automatically (last time I checked at least) and it makes changes to the users sheets which isn't impossible to live with but is distasteful.